Physically Based Modeling of Ice with Bubbles

Abstract

Bubbles are an important characteristic that determine the appearance of ice. In this paper the authors propose a strategy in order to construct geometric representations of ice that integrates bubbles in an ice cube and visualize them. Bubble characteristics depend on the velocity of ice formation and levels of air concentration of water that in this paper are determined by simulating ice and bubble formation processes together. Simplified physics of heat transfer and a level set method are used in order to evolve the ice-water interface and a simplified model of bubbles as spheres is discussed. Experimental result shows that the shape of ice during formation resembles the one of actual ice. The algorithm has a potential to include more complex physics for better accuracy